Norm-attainment of linear functionals on subspaces and characterizations of Tauberian operators (Q792581)

It is proved that for every non-zero continuous linear functional f on a non-reflexive Banach space X, there is a closed linear subspace Y so that \(f|_ Y\) does not attain its norm. In fact, Y may be chosen with \(\| f|_ Y\|\) arbitrarily close to \(\| f\|\). This is reminiscent of James' theorem concerning the existence of non-norm-attaining linear functionals and uses the full generality of that result. It is also shown that every continuous linear functional on an infinite-dimensional normed linear space fails to attain its norm on some linear subspace. Now let X and Y be Banach spaces. For a non-zero bounded linear operator T:\(X\to Y\), the following are shown to be equivalent: (1) T is Tauberian, i.e., \((T^{**})^{-1}(Y)\subset X.\) (2) For every weakly closed bounded \(W\subset X\), TW is weakly closed. (3) For every closed bounded convex \(K\subset X\), TK is closed. (4) For every closed linear subspace \(Z\subset X\), \(TB_ Z\) is closed. Here \(B_ Z=\{z\in Z:\| z\| \leq 1\}.\) The proof of characterization (4) requires the very first result stated above. Other characterizations are also obtained. In particular, the ''hereditary versions'' of semi-embeddings and \(F_{\sigma}\)-embeddings are precisely the one-to-one Tauberian operators.