On Birkhoff quadrature formulas. II (Q5906252)

Let \(-1=x_{nn}<x_{n-1,n}<...<x_{2n}<x_{1n}=1\) be the roots of \(\pi_ n(x)=(1-x^ 2)P'_{n-1}(x)\) where \(P_ n\) is the Legendre polynomial of degree n. The authors consider the following generalization of a problem raised by P. Turán \((m=2):\) ``Let f be an arbitrary polynomial of degree \(\leq 2n-1\); determine \(\lambda_{knm}\), \(\mu_{knm}\), \(k=1,2,...,n\), such that \[ \int^{1}_{- 1}f(x)dx=\sum^{n}_{k=1}\lambda_{knm}f(x_{kn})+\sum^{n}_{k=1} \mu_{knm}f^{(m)}(x_{kn})\quad ''. \] The object of this paper is to solve this problem when \(m=3\) and \(m=4\) with some modifications. The authors prescribe Birkhoff data at the internal nodes and Hermite data at the points \(\pm 1\). More precisely, if f is a polynomial of degree \(\leq 2n-1\), \(n\geq 4\), then there exists a unique choice of \(A_ n\), \(B_ n\), \(C_ n\), \(D_ n\) such that \[ \int^{1}_{-1}f(x)dx=(f(1)+f(-1))A_ n+B_ n\sum^{n-1}_{k=2}\frac{f(x_{kn})}{P^ 2_{n-1}(x_{kn})}+ \] \[ +(f'(1)-f'(-1))C_ n+D_ n\sum^{n-1}_{k=2}\frac{x_{kn}(1- x^ 2_{kn})f'''(x_{kn})}{P^ 2_{n-1}(x_{kn})}\quad, \] where the \(x_{kn}'s\) are the roots of \(\pi_ n(x)\). Further, the coefficients \(A_ n\), \(B_ n\), \(C_ n\), \(D_ n\) are given explicitely. [For part I see the first author, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 97, 38-40 (1986; Zbl 0599.41049).]