Unique pseudo-expectations for C^*-inclusions

zbMATH Open1351.46056arXiv1508.05048MaRDI QIDQ281498FDOQ281498

Vrej Zarikian, David R. Pitts

Publication date: 11 May 2016

Published in: Illinois Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Given an inclusion D $subseteq$ C of unital C*-algebras, a unital completely positive linear map $Phi$ of C into the injective envelope I(D) of D which extends the inclusion of D into I(D) is a pseudo-expectation. The set PsExp(C,D) of all pseudo-expectations is a convex set, and for abelian D, we prove a Krein-Milman type theorem showing that PsExp(C,D) can be recovered from its extreme points. When C is abelian, the extreme pseudo-expectations coincide with the homomorphisms of C into I(D) which extend the inclusion of D into I(D), and these are in bijective correspondence with the ideals of C which are maximal with respect to having trivial intersection with D. Natural classes of inclusions have a unique pseudo-expectation (e.g., when D is a regular MASA in C). Uniqueness of the pseudo-expectation implies interesting structural properties for the inclusion. For example, when D $subseteq$ C $subseteq$ B(H) are W*-algebras, uniqueness of the pseudo-expectation implies that D' $cap$ C is the center of D; moreover, when H is separable and D is abelian, we characterize which W*-inclusions have the unique pseudo-expectation property. For general inclusions of C*-algebras with D abelian, we characterize the unique pseudo-expectation property in terms of order structure; and when C is abelian, we are able to give a topological description of the unique pseudo-expectation property. Applications include: a) if an inclusion D $subseteq$ C has a unique pseudo-expectation $Phi$ which is also faithful, then the C*-envelope of any operator space X with D $subseteq$ X $subseteq$ C is the C*-subalgebra of C generated by X; b) for many interesting classes of C*-inclusions, having a faithful unique pseudo-expectation implies that D norms C. We give examples to illustrate the theory, and conclude with several unresolved questions.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1508.05048

zbMATH Keywords

operator spaceinjective envelopepseudo-expectationunital \(C^{*}\)-algebras

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

General theory of (C^*)-algebras (46L05) Operator spaces and completely bounded maps (46L07) General theory of von Neumann algebras (46L10) Projective and injective objects in functional analysis (46M10)

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Cited In (11)

• Unique expectations for discrete crossed products
• Noncommutative boundaries and the ideal structure of reduced crossed products
• Structure for regular inclusions. II: Cartan envelopes, pseudo-expectations and twists
• Unique conditional expectations for abelian \(C^\ast\)-inclusions
• A generalization of Whyburn's theorem, and aperiodicity for abelian \(C^\ast\)-inclusions
• Ideal structure and pure infiniteness of inverse semigroup crossed products
• Exotic ideals in free transformation group C∗$\mathbf {C}^*$‐algebras
• Norming in discrete crossed products
• Essential crossed products for inverse semigroup actions: simplicity and pure infiniteness
• Regular ideals, ideal intersections, and quotients
• Normalizers and approximate units for inclusions of C^*-algebras

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