A connected sum formula for involutive Heegaard Floer homology (Q1744785)

The main focus of this article is the behavior of the involutive Heegaard Floer package under connected sums. Involutive Heegaard Floer homology is an invariant of 3-manifolds equipped with a self-conjugate spin\(^c\) structure, introduced by the first two authors in [\textit{K. Hendricks} and \textit{C. Manolescu}, Duke Math. J. 166, No. 7, 1211--1299 (2017; Zbl 1383.57036)]. The involutive Heegaard Floer complex is determined by the ordinary Heegaard Floer complex along with a ``conjugation'' involution. The main result of the current article says that the ``minus'' flavor Heegaard Floer chain complex for the connected sum is chain homotopy equivalent to the tensor product of the complexes for the summands, and furthermore, the conjugation involution for the connected sum complex is chain homotopy equivalent to the tensor product of the involutions for the summands. The first part is the ordinary Künneth theorem in Heegaard Floer homology, proved in [\textit{P. Ozsváth} and \textit{Z. Szabó}, Ann. Math. (2) 159, No. 3, 1159--1245 (2004; Zbl 1081.57013)]. However, in the current article, this is given a new proof, using graph cobordism maps studied by the third author [``Graph cobordisms and Heegaard Floer homology'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1512.01184}], which provides access to the second part of the main result. The article then applies this machinery to the study of homology cobordism. There are two involutive Heegaard Floer ``correction terms'' defined by the first two authors, which are maps (but not homomorphisms) from the \(\mathbb{Z}/2\)-homology cobordism group to the rationals. Several examples of these invariants are computed for connected sums. The article also defines a homomorphism from the integral homology cobordism group to an algebraically defined group which the correction terms factor through, modelled after a similar construction by \textit{M. Stoffregen} in the \(\text{Pin(2)}\) Seiberg-Witten Floer setting [``\(\mathrm{Pin}(2)\)-equivariant Seiberg-Witten Floer homology of Seifert fibrations'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1505.03234}]. The connections of the constructions in this article with the latter theory, developed by the second author [\textit{C. Manolescu}, J. Am. Math. Soc. 29, No. 1, 147--176 (2016; Zbl 1343.57015)], are also discussed here.