Bäcklund transformations for Gelfand–Dickey Flows, revisited

DOI10.1093/INTEGR/XYW013zbMath1404.37085arXiv1510.03906OpenAlexW2962971474MaRDI QIDQ4684169

Publication date: 27 September 2018

Published in: Journal of Integrable Systems (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We construct B"acklund transformations (BT) for the Gelfand-Dickey hierarchy (GD$_n$-hierarchy) on the space of $n$-th order differential operators on the line. Suppose $L=partial_x^n-sum_{i=1}^{n-1}u_ipartial_x^{(i-1)}$ is a solution of the $j$-th GD$_n$ flow. We prove the following results: (1) There exists a system (BT)$_{u,k}$ of non-linear ordinary differential equations for $h:R^2 o C$ depending on $u_1, ldots, u_{n-1}$ in $x$ and $t$ variables such that $ ilde L= (partial+h)^{-1}L(partial+h)$ is a solution of the $j$-th GD$_n$ flow if and only if $h$ is a solution of (BT)$_{u,k}$ for some parameter $k$. Moreover, coefficients of $ ilde L$ are differential polynomials of $u$ and $h$. We say such $ ilde L$ is obtained from a BT with parameter $k$ from $L$. (2) (BT)$_{u,k}$ is solvable. (3) There exists a compatible linear system for $phi:R^2 o C$ depending on a parameter $k$, such that if $phi_1, ldots, phi_{n-1}$ are linearly independent solutions of this linear system then $h:=(ln W(phi_1, ldots, phi_{n-1}))_x$ is a solution of (BT)$_{u,k}$ and $(partial+h)^{-1} L (partial+h)$ is a solution of the $j$-th GD$_n$ flow, where $W(phi_1,ldots,phi_{n-1})$ is the Wronskian Moreover, these give all solutions of (BT)$_{u,k}$. (4) We show that the BT for the GD$_n$ hierarchy constructed by M. Adler is our BT with parameter $k=0$. (5) We construct a permutability formula for our BTs and infinitely many families of explicit rational solutions and soliton solutions.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1510.03906

zbMATH Keywords

Bäcklund transformations permutability formula Gelfand-Dickey flow

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Completely integrable infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems, integration methods, integrability tests, integrable hierarchies (KdV, KP, Toda, etc.) (37K10) Nonlinear higher-order PDEs (35G20) Lie-Bäcklund and other transformations for infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems (37K35)