Interpolation between \(H^ p\) spaces and non-commutative generalizations. I (Q811676)

We give an elementary proof that the \(H^ p\) spaces over the unit disc (or the upper half plane) are the interpolation spaces for the real method of interpolation between \(H^ 1\) and \(H^ \infty\). This was originally proved by Peter Jones. The proof uses only the boundedness of the Hilbert transform and the classical factorisation of a function in \(H^ p\) as a product of two functions in \(H^ q\) and \(H^ r\) with \(1/q+1/r=1/p\). This proof extends without any real extra difficulty to the non-commutative setting and to several Banach space valued extensions of \(H^ p\) spaces. In particular, this proof easily extends to the couple \(H^{p_ 0}(\ell_{q_ 0})\), \(H^{p_ 1}(\ell_{q_ 1})\), with \(1\leq p_ 0\), \(p_ 1\), \(q_ 0\), \(q_ 1\leq\infty\). In that situation, we prove that the real interpolation spaces and the \(K\)- functional are induced (up to equivalence of norms) by the same objects for the couple \(L_{p_ 0}(\ell_{q_ 0})\), \(L_{p_ 1}(\ell_{q_ 1})\). In an other direction, let us denote by \(C_ p\) the space of all compact operators \(x\) on Hilbert space such that \(tr(| x|^ p)<\infty\). Let \(T_ p\) be the subspace of all upper triangular matrices relative to the canonical basis. If \(p=\infty\), \(C_ p\) is just the space of all compact operators. Our proof allows us to show for instance that the space \(H^ p(C_ p)\) (resp. \(T_ p)\) is the interpolation space of parameter \((1/p,p)\) between \(H^ 1(C_ 1)\) (resp. \(T_ 1\)) and \(H^ \infty(C_ \infty)\) (resp. \(T_ \infty)\). We also prove a similar result for the complex interpolation method. Moreover, extending a recent result of Kaftal-Larson and Weiss, we prove that the distance to the subspace of upper triangular matrices in \(C_ 1\) and \(C_ \infty\) can be essentially realized simultaneously by the same element.