Uniqueness theorems through the method of moving spheres (Q1913363)

For \(n\geq 2\), let \(\mathbb{R}^n_+= \{(x_1,\dots, x_{n- 1}, t)\mid (x_1,\dots, x_{n- 1})\in \mathbb{R}^{n- 1}, t> 0\}\). The authors prove the following theorems using the method of moving spheres, a variant of the method of moving planes. Theorem 1. Let \(n\geq 3\), \(c\in \mathbb{R}\) and \(u\in C^2(\mathbb{R}^n_+)\cap C^1(\overline{\mathbb{R}}^n_+)\) be any nonnegative solution of \[ - \Delta u= n(n- 2) u^{(n+ 2)/(n- 2)}\quad\text{in } \mathbb{R}^n_+,\quad {\partial u\over \partial t}= cu^{n/(n- 2)}\quad\text{on }\partial\mathbb{R}^n_+. \] Then either \(u\equiv 0\) or \[ u(x', t)= \Biggl({\varepsilon\over \varepsilon^2+ |(x', t)- (x_0', t_0)|^2}\Biggr)^{(n- 2)/2} \] for some \(\varepsilon> 0\), \(x_0'\in \mathbb{R}^{n- 1}\), and \(t_0= (n- 2)^{- 1}\varepsilon c\). Theorem 2. Let \(n\geq 3\), \(c\in \mathbb{R}\) and \(u\in C^2(\mathbb{R}^n_+)\cap C^1(\overline{\mathbb{R}}^n_+)\) be any nonnegative solution of \[ - \Delta u= 0\quad\text{in }\mathbb{R}^n_+,\quad {\partial u\over \partial t}= cu^{n/(n- 2)}\quad\text{on } \partial\mathbb{R}^n_+. \] When \(c\geq 0\), \(u= at+ b\) with \(a, b\geq 0\), \(a= cb^{n/(n- 2)}\). When \(c< 0\), either \(u\equiv 0\) or \[ u(x', t)= \Biggl({\varepsilon\over (t+ t_0)^2+ |x'- x_0'|^2}\Biggr)^{(n- 2)/2} \] for some \(\varepsilon> 0\), \(x_0'\in \mathbb{R}^{n- 1}\) and \(t_0= -(n- 2)^{- 1}\varepsilon c\). Theorem 3. Let \(c\in \mathbb{R}\) and \(u\in C^2(\mathbb{R}^2_+)\cap C^1(\overline{\mathbb{R}}^2_+)\) be any solution of \[ - \Delta u= e^u\quad\text{in } \mathbb{R}^2_+,\quad {\partial u\over \partial t}= ce^{u/2}\quad\text{on } \partial\mathbb{R}^2_+, \] satisfying \(\int_{\mathbb{R}^2_+} e^u< \infty\), \(\int_{\partial\mathbb{R}^2_+} e^{u/2}< \infty\). Then \[ u(x', t)= \log{8\lambda^2\over (\lambda^2+ (x'- x_0')^2+ (t- t_0)^2)^2} \] for some \(\lambda> 0\), \(x_0'\in \mathbb{R}\) and \(t_0= c\lambda/\sqrt 2\).