A simple proof of a theorem of Jean Bourgain (Q1803919)

An operator \(u\) between Banach spaces \(X\) and \(Y\) is 2-summing, if there is a constant \(C\) such that \[ \bigl(\sum \| u(x_ i)\|^ 2\bigr)^{1/2}\leq C\sup\bigl\{(\sum| x^*(x_ i)|^ 2)^{1/2}| \| x^*\|=1\bigr\} \] for arbitrary \(x_ 1,\dots,x_ r\in X\). \textit{J. Bourgain} has shown [Acta Math. 152, 1-48 (1984; Zbl 0574.46039)] that continuous operators from the disc algebra to the separable Hilbert space are always 2-summing and that the 2- summing norm for these operators is equivalent to the operator norm. In the present paper, a new proof is given. It relies on real interpolation results between \(H^ p\) spaces. Also generalizations and a number of consequences are discussed.