On the moduli space of deformations of a \(p\)-divisible group (Q2255334)

Let \(\mathcal{O}\) be the ring of Witt vectors over a perfect field \(k\) of characteristic \(p>0\). Let \(\mathcal{A}_{\mathcal{O}}\) be the category of Artinian local \(\mathcal{O}\)-algebras with residue field \(k\). For a \(p\)-divisible group \(G\) over \(k\), Grothendieck proved that the deformation functor \(\text{Def}_G:\mathcal{A}_{\mathcal{O}} \to \text{Sets}\) is representable by a smooth formal \(\mathcal{O}\)-scheme of relative dimension \(cd\) where \(c\) and \(d\) are the codimension and dimension of \(G\) respectively. \vskip 0.1in In addition, if we assume that \(G\) is connected and is represented by a formal group \(\Phi\), then the functor \(\text{Def}_G\) can be identified with the functor that assigns an object \(R \in \text{Ob}(\mathcal{A}_{\mathcal{O}})\) to the set of \(\star\)-isomorphism classes of \(R\)-deformations of \(\Phi\). Here a \(\star\)-isomorphism is an isomorphism with identity reduction. Choosing a specific isomorphism from \(\text{Def}_G\) to the formal group \(\text{Spf}_{\mathcal{O}}\mathcal{O}[[t_1,\dots,t_{cd}]]\) is equivalent to the choice of a universal deformation of \(\Phi\). In the subject paper, the authors use Hazewinkel's universal multidimensional \(p\)-typical group to construct a family of explicit universal deformations of \(\Phi\) as its specializations. \vskip 0.1in More specifically, for any infinite set \(V\) of independent variables, let \(F_V\) be a universal \(d\)-dimensional \(p\)-typical formal group over the polynomial ring \(\mathbb{Z}[V]\). Any \(p\)-typical formal group \(\Phi\) over \(k\) is uniquely represented as \(\Phi = F_{V(\Xi)}\) where \(\Xi\) is a sequence of elements of \(k\), \(F_{V(\Xi)}\) is the formal group over \(k\) obtained by the specialization of \(F_V\) at \(V = \Xi\). By fixing a lift \(\Theta\) of \(\Xi\) to \(\mathcal{O}\), we know that \(F_V(\Theta)\) is a deformation of \(\Phi\) over \(\mathcal{O}\). \vskip 0.1in The main theorem of this manuscript is to show that one can construct a finite set of indices \(\Psi\) such that for any complete Noetherian local \(\mathcal{O}\)-algebra \(R\) with maximal idea \(\mathfrak{M}\) containing \(p\) and residue field \(k\), and for any deformation \(F\) of \(\Phi\) over \(R\), there exists a unique tuple \((\tau_{\psi})_{\psi \in \Psi}\) where \(\tau_{\psi} \in \mathfrak{M}\), such that \(F\) is strictly \(\star\)-isomorphic to \(F_{V(\Theta+\tau)}\). Moreover, the authors show that the \(\Psi\) behaves naturally with respect to direct sum of formal groups, and when \(k\) is algebraically closed, \(\Psi\) is found explicitly for the standard representative of each isogeny class of formal groups over \(k\).