The \(p\)-adic Lefschetz \((1,1)\) theorem in the semistable case, and the Picard number jumping locus (Q2428844)

Let \(K\) be a complete discrete valuation field of mixed characteristic with perfect residue field \(k\). Let \(X_K\) be a smooth proper \(K\)-variety and assume that we have a proper semistable model \(X\) of \(X_K\) over the ring of integers of \(K\); let \(Y/k\) be its special fibre. The main result of the present article is the semistable version of the \(p\)-adic Lefschetz (1,1) theorem [\textit{P. Berthelot} and \textit{A. Ogus}, Invent. Math. 72, No. 2, 159--199 (1983; Zbl 0516.14017)] which gives a criterion to lift a class \([L]\) in the logarithmic Picard group \(\mathrm{Pic}^{\log}Y_{\mathbb Q}\) to a class in \(\mathrm{Pic}^{\log}X_{\mathbb Q}\). Here the group \(\mathrm{Pic}^{\log}X\) coincides with \(\mathrm{Pic} X_K\) and the group \(\mathrm{Pic}^{\log}Y\) is isomorphic to \(\mathrm{Pic}(Y^{\mathrm{sm}})\). Using the crystalline log-Chern class and a comparaison theorem with de Rham cohomology of \textit{O. Hyodo} and \textit{K. Kato} [in: Périodes \(p\)-adiques Bures-sur-Yvette, 1988, Astérisque No. 223, 221--268 (1994; Zbl 0852.14004)], the criterion says that the image of \([L]\) should be in the \(F^1\) for the Hodge filtration on \(H^2_{\mathrm{dR}}(X_K/K)\). As an application, one extends a result of \textit{D. Maulik} and \textit{B. Poonen} [``Néron-Severi groups under specialization'', \url{arXiv:0907.4781}] to the semistable case: let \(f:\mathcal X\to B\) be a proper family over \(\mathcal O_K\) such that for any \(b\in B(\mathcal O_K)\), the scheme \(\mathcal X_b\) is a semistable model of a smooth generic fibre \(\mathcal X_{b,K}\) and let \(C\) be the completion of an algebraic closure of \(K\), then the set of \(b\in B(\mathcal O_C)\) where the rank of the log Néron-Severi group of the special fibre \(\mathcal X_{b,\bar k}\) is strictly superior to the rank of the Néron-Severi group of the geometric generic fibre of \(f\), is nowhere dense in \(B(\mathcal O_C)\) for the analytic topology.