On the stability of the relativistic electron-positron field (Q1299959)

Here the authors treat the Dirac operator \[ D^{A,V}= \alpha\cdot((\nabla/i)+ eA)+ m\beta+ e^2V \] of a particle of charge \(-e\) in the electric field of \(e\nabla V\) and magnetic field \(\nabla\times A\), acting in \(H\). Here \(\alpha\), \(\beta\): the four \(4\times 4\) Dirac matrices, and \(V(x)= Z/|x|\), \(x\in R^3\). Let \(F\) be the total Fock space given by the electron subspace \(H_+\subset H\) and positron conjugate subspace \(C(H^\perp_+)\), \(a(f)\): the electron annihilation operator, \(b(f)\): the positron annihilation operator, \(\{e_i\}_{i\in Z}\): an orthonormal basis of \(H\), and \(\Psi_i:= a(e_i)+ b^*(e_i)\). The energy \[ \begin{multlined} E_{A,V,\alpha}= \sum (D^{A,V})_{i,j}\rho(:\Psi_i* \Psi_j:)+\\ (\alpha/2) \sum W_{i,j;k,l}\rho(:\Psi_i* \Psi_j* \Psi_k \Psi_l:)+ \iiint(\nabla\times A)^2/(8\pi)\end{multlined} \] in the states \(\rho\) on \(B(F)\) is defined, where \((D^{A,V})_{i,j}= (e_i,D^{A,V}e_j)\), \(W_{i,j;k,l}= (e_i\otimes e_j,|x-y|^{-1} e_k\otimes e_l)\), and \(\alpha= e^2\). They prove the nonnegativity of \(E_{0,0,\alpha}\), \(E_{0,V,\alpha}\), and \(E_{A,V,\alpha}\) in the set \(D_{\text{HF}}\) of the Hartree-Fock state \(\rho\) under the choice of \(H_+\) and the estimation of \(\alpha\), \(Z\). Finally, they show \(E(H_+)= \inf_\rho E_{A,V,\alpha}(\rho)< 0\) in \(D_{\text{HF}}\) holds under some conditions.