On the analogs of Euler numbers and polynomials associated with \(p\)-adic \(q\)-integral on \(\mathbb Z_{p}\) at \(q= - 1\) (Q878449)

The author considers \(p\)-adic \(q\)-integrals on \(\mathbb{Z}_p\) at \(q= -1\), and from them he derives several things concerning Euler numbers and Euler polynomials with parameter \(\lambda\). The \(p\)-adic \(q\)-integral for a strictly differentiable function \(f\) on \(\mathbb{Z}_p\) is defined by \[ I_q(f)= \int_{\mathbb{Z}_p} f(x)\,d\mu_q(x):= \lim_{N\to\infty}\, {1\over [p^N]_q}\, \sum^{p^N-1}_{x= 0} f(x) q^x, \] where \([p^N]_q= {1- q^{p^N}\over 1-q}\), and the integral at \(q= -1\) is defined by \(I_{-1}(f)=\int_{\mathbb{Z}_p} f(x) \,d\mu_{-1}(x):= \lim_{q\to-1} I_q(f)\). In Section 2, first he derives several properties for \(I_{-1}(f)\). Then by using \(I_{-1}\) he finds identities for \(\lambda\)-Euler polynomials \(E_n(\lambda: x)\) and generalized \(\lambda\)-Euler numbers \(E_{n,\chi}(\lambda)\). In Section 3, he shows that these Euler polynomials and generalized Euler numbers with \(\lambda\) give values at negative integers of the Hurwitz zeta function and the Dirichlet \(L\)-function with \(\lambda\). In Section 4, he defines the \(p\)-adic interpolating function for generalized \(\lambda\)-Euler numbers. In the last section, he computes the \(p\)-adic integrals \(I_{-1}(f)\) and \(I_1(f):= \lim_{q\to 1}I_q(f)\) for \(f(x)=\cos(ax)\) and \(\sin(ax)\), and finds, for example, \[ \int_{\mathbb{Z}_p}\sin ax \,d\mu_{-1}(x)=- \tan(a/2), \] from which a new proof for the expression of \(\tan(a/2)\) in terms of Euler numbers is given.