On Beilinson's equivalence for \(p\)-adic cohomology (Q1744771)

In the various known \(p\)-adic cohomology theories, the concepts of nearby cycle functor and vanishing cycle functor are missing. In the article under review, the authors define a unipotent nearby cycle functor, a unipotent vanishing cycle functor, and a maximal extension functor, for some ``nice'' overholonomic arithmetic D-modules, following \textit{A. A. Beilinson}'s formalism [Lect. Notes Math. 1289, 42--51 (1987; Zbl 0651.14009)]. For a ``realizable'' (e.g., quasi-projective) algebraic variety over a field \(k\) of characteristic \(p\), the authors construct an abelian subcategory \(\mathrm{Hol}_{F}(X)\), suitable for applying Beilinson's formalism, of the category of overholonomic arithmetic D-modules. An object in this category is an iterated extension of overholonomic D-modules which (a) remain overholonomic under base-change and (b) admit some \(q\)-power Frobenius action. One can consider two derived categories: (i) \(D^b(\mathrm{Hol}_{F}(X))\), as well as (ii) \(D^{b}_{\mathrm{hol},F}(X)\), which is the triangulated subcategory of the derived category of overholonomic D-modules whose cohomology sheaves are in \(\mathrm{Hol}_{F}(X)\). The authors show the following. (a) \(D^b_{\mathrm{hol},F}(-)\) admits functors like \(f_+\), \(f^{!}\), duality \(\mathbb{D}\) and more importantly a notion of tensor product. (b) One can define functors \(\Psi_{f}\) (unipotent nearby cycle), \(\Phi_{f}\) (unipotent vanishing cycle) and \(\Xi_{f}\) (maximal extension) on \(\mathrm{Hol}_{F}(X)\) with respect to a function \(f\). (c) (``Beilinson's equivalence'') \(D^b(\mathrm{Hol}_{F}(X))\) is equivalent to \(D^{b}_{\mathrm{hol},F}(X)\). Beilinson's strategy works here, except one does not have the \(b\)-function in the present context. Thus, in order to establish Beilinson's ``Key lemma'' in the present context (\S 2.4), the authors use Kedlaya's result on semistable reduction of overconvergent F-isocrystals.