On the generalization of the gap principle
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Publication:6081118
DOI10.1007/S10998-022-00505-2arXiv2112.13919MaRDI QIDQ6081118
Publication date: 4 October 2023
Published in: Periodica Mathematica Hungarica (Search for Journal in Brave)
Abstract: Let $alpha$ be a real algebraic number of degree $d geq 3$ and let $�eta in mathbb Q(alpha)$ be irrational. Let $mu$ be a real number such that $(d/2) + 1 < mu < d$ and let $C_0$ be a positive real number. We prove that there exist positive real numbers $C_1$ and $C_2$, which depend only on $alpha$, $�eta$, $mu$ and $C_0$, with the following property. If $x_1/y_1$ and $x_2/y_2$ are rational numbers in lowest terms such that $$ H(x_2, y_2) geq H(x_1, y_1) geq C_{1} $$ and $$ left|alpha - frac{x_1}{y_1}
ight| < frac{C_0}{H(x_1, y_1)^mu}, quad left|�eta - frac{x_2}{y_2}
ight| < frac{C_0}{H(x_2, y_2)^mu}, $$ then either $H(x_2, y_2) > C_{2}^{-1} H(x_1, y_1)^{mu - d/2}$, or there exist integers $s, t, u, v$, with $sv - tu
eq 0$, such that $$ �eta = frac{salpha + t}{ualpha + v} quad ext{and} quad frac{x_2}{y_2} = frac{sx_1 + ty_1}{ux_1 + vy_1}, $$ or both. Here $H(x, y) = max(|x|, |y|)$ is the height of $x/y$. Since $mu - d/2$ exceeds one, our result demonstrates that, unless $alpha$ and $�eta$ are connected by means of a linear fractional transformation with integer coefficients, the heights of $x_1/y_1$ and $x_2/y_2$ have to be exponentially far apart from each other. An analogous result is established in the case when $alpha$ and $�eta$ are $p$-adic algebraic numbers.
Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.13919
Measures of irrationality and of transcendence (11J82) Homogeneous approximation to one number (11J04) Approximation to algebraic numbers (11J68)
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