Which Cubic Graphs have Quadrangulated Spherical Immersions?
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Publication:6325144
arXiv1909.05461MaRDI QIDQ6325144FDOQ6325144
Michael S. Murphy, Yosef Berman, Vance Faber, Lowell Abrams
Publication date: 12 September 2019
Abstract: We consider spherical quadrangulations -- spherical embeddings of multigraphs, possibly with loops, so that every face has boundary walk of length 4 -- in which all vertices have degree 3 or 4. Interpreting each degree 4 vertex as a crossing, these embeddings can also be thought of as transversal immersions of cubic graphs which we refer to as the {it extracted graphs}. We also consider quadrangulations of the disk in which interior vertices have degree 3 or 4 and boundary vertices have degree 2 or 3. First, we classify all such quadrangulations of the disk. Then, we provide four methods for constructing spherical quadrangulations, two of which use quadrangulations of the disk as input. Two of these methods provide one-parameter families of quadrangulations, for which we prove that the sequence of isomorphism types of extracted graphs is periodic. We close with a description of computer computations which yielded spherical quadrangulations for all but three cubic multigraphs on eight vertices.
Planar graphs; geometric and topological aspects of graph theory (05C10) Graph representations (geometric and intersection representations, etc.) (05C62)
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