Metamorphoses of functional shapes in Sobolev spaces (Q1620896)

Shape spaces have emerged as a natural mathematical setting in which one can think about shapes as structured spaces, usually differential manifolds. Group actions of diffeomorphisms are powerful vehicles to build a full theoretical as well as computational framework for a comprehensive quantitative analysis of shape variability, recently coined as diffeomorphometry, that can be successfully applied in computational anatomy. In this paper, the authors consider matching between any two functional shapes from the optimal control perspective, study existence of optimal controls and derive Hamiltonian equations and conservation laws describing the dynamics of geodesics. They tackle the discrete counterpart of these problems and equations through appropriate finite elements interpolation schemes on triangular meshes, and they show a few results of metamorphosis matchings on several synthetic and real data examples in order to highlight the key specificities of the approach. A functional shape, or fshape, of regularity \(s\in\mathbb N\) in \(\mathbb R^n\) is a couple \((X,f)\) where \(X\) is a bounded \(C^s\) submanifold of \(\mathbb R^n\) and \(f:X\to\mathbb R\) is a real-valued function on \(X\) that belongs to the set \(H^s(X)\) of Sobolev functions of order \(s\) on \(X\). \(X\) is called the geometrical support of the fshape and \(f\) is the signal attached to this support. If \({\mathcal{S}}\) is a shape space of \(C^s\) submanifolds, then the fshape bundle of regularity \(s\) modeled on \({\mathcal{S}}\) is the vector bundle \({\mathcal{F}}^s_{\mathcal{S}}=\{(X,f);\;X\in{\mathcal{S}}\wedge f\in H^s(X)\}\). If \(G=G_V\) is a group obtained as flows of time-dependent velocity fields modeled on an Hilbert space \(V\) of vector fields with adequate regularity, then the shape spaces are generally taken as orbits for the action of \(G_V\) of a particular bounded \(C^s\) submanifold \(X_0\), called template, that is, \({\mathcal{S}}=\{\varphi(X_0);\;\varphi\in G_V\}\). The previous action extends naturally to \({\mathcal{F}}^s_{\mathcal{S}}\) as \(\varphi\cdot(X,f)=(\varphi(X),f\circ\varphi^{-1})\) which corresponds to the idea of deforming the geometry by \(\varphi\) while pulling the signal back onto the deformed shape \(\varphi(X)\). If \((X,f)\) is a specific fshape in \({\mathcal{F}}^s_{\mathcal{S}}\), then a metamorphosis of \((X,f)\) is couple of a time-varying infinitesimal deformation \(v\in L^2([0,1],V)\) and infinitesimal signal variation \(h\in L^2([0,1],H^s(X))\). The time integration of \((v,h)\in L^2([0,1],V\times H^s(X))\) parametrizes an fshape transformation path \((\varphi_t^v,\zeta^h_t)\) with \(\varphi^v_t\in G_V\) and \(\zeta^h_t\in H^s(X)\) through the dynamical equations \(\dot\varphi^v_t=v_t\circ\varphi^v_t\), \(\dot\zeta^h_t=h_t\) with \(\varphi^v_0=\text{id}\) and \(\zeta^h_0=0\).