Noncommutative plurisubharmonic polynomials. I: Global assumptions (Q647620)

Let \({\mathbb R}\langle x,x^T\rangle\) be the ring of noncommutative polynomials over \(\mathbb R\) in the noncommuting variables \(x_1,\dots,x_g,x_1^T,\dots,x_g^T\). Elements of this ring shall be called nc polynomials. The variables \(x_j^T\) are formal transposes of the variables \(x_j\). An nc polynomial is said to be nc analytic if it contains only the variables \(x_j\) and none of the transposed variables \(x_j^T\). An nc polynomial \(p\) is called symmetric if \(p^T=p\). If \(p\) is an nc polynomial and \(X=(X_1,\dots,X_g)\in\left({\mathbb R}^{n\times n}\right)^g\), then the evaluation \(p(X,X^T)\) is defined by replacing \(x_j\) by \(X_j\) and \(x_j^T\) by \(X_j^T\). An nc symmetric polynomial \(p\) is called matrix positive if \(p(X,X^T)\) is a positive semidefinite matrix when evaluated on every \(X\in\left({\mathbb R}^{n\times n}\right)^g\) for all \(n\geqslant 1\). The nc complex Hessian, \(q(x,x^T)[h,h^T]\), of an nc polynomial \(p\) is the nc polynomial in the \(4g\) variables \(x=(x_1,\dots,x_g)\), \(x^T=(x_1^T,\dots,x_g^T)\), \(h=(h_1,\dots,h_g)\), and \(h^T=(h_1^T,\dots,h_g^T)\) defined by \[ q(x,x^T)[h,h^T]={\partial^2p\over\partial s\partial t}(x+th,y+sk)\bigg|_{t,s=0}\bigg|_{y=x^T,\;k=h^T}. \] A symmetric nc polynomial \(p\) is called nc plurisubharmonic if its nc complex Hessian \(q\) is matrix positive. The main result of the paper is the following: {Theorem.} An nc symmetric polynomial \(p\) in free variables is nc plurisubharmonic if and only if it can be written in the form \[ p=\sum f_j^Tf_j+\sum k_jk_j^T+F+F^T, \] where the sums are finite and each \(f_j\), \(k_j\), and \(F\) is nc analytic. As a byproduct of the proof of this result, a theory of noncommutative integration of nc polynomials and a noncommutative Frobenius type theorem are obtained.