Phase interaction in the metal-oxide melts-gas system. The modeling of structure, properties and processes. Translation from the Russian (Q639473)

This book presents descriptions of mathematical models that allow a prediction of the composition of the phases in various technological processes that are developed on the basis of a comprehensive physicochemical analysis of the reactions. Special attention is paid to thermodynamics and kinetics of the individual steps in complex pyrometallurgical processes involving boron, carbon, sulfur, tungsten, phosphorus, and other elements, and the influence of various factors on them is analyzed. Important conditions for improving, optimizing, and intensifying metallurgical and welding technologies include not only the continuation of the theoretical and experimental research in various fields of science, but also the development of modern methods for simulating processes and technologies. With the rapid development of computer technology, results of research in this area have taken on real practical significance primarily due to the possibility of optimizing processes and technologies already in the design stage. The results of simulation of technologies for obtaining metals and alloys, welding processes, and processes for depositing coating allow the purposeful and cost-effective solution of the problem of obtaining materials with assigned composition, structure, and properties. Chapter 2 examines basic principles of modeling and general aspects of the development of models and processes based on the systems approach. It is devoted to the technology of constructing models and to the description of the contents of the stages of this process. Chapter 3 presents the current state of the theory of the constitution and properties of metal and slag melts, and demonstrates various approaches to describing and calculating the structural characteristics of melts. The structure of several specific metal and oxide melts is examined. Chapter 4 is devoted to the simulation of high temperature processes based on thermodynamic and kinetic methods of analysis. Methods developed by the authors for predicting the equilibrium concentrations and reaction rates in a metal-slag-gas system are examined in detail. The influence of various parameters on the conditions for carrying out the reactions is analyzed. Calculated and experimental data are compared. Chapter 5 resents the mathematical models of several processes for producing and refining steel, which comprise a closed technological chain from the smelting to the casting of the metal. Chapter 6 is dedicated to the development of mathematical models of high temperature physicochemical processes that occur during welding, surfacing, and deposition of coatings. The physical models of the interactions and the assumptions and constraints adopted are examined in detail. Chapter 7 examines methods for predicting the structure, phase composition, and properties of the metal that crystallizes under specific welding and surfacing conditions, their application to several specific welding and surfacing variants is demonstrated. Data from experiments and calculations are compared. The final chapter demonstrates the use of the models developed for perfecting high-temperature technologies for smelting and treating steels.