A Dedekind criterion over valued fields

Let \(R_v\) be the valuation ring of a valued field \((K,\nu)\), \(f\in R_{\nu}[X]\) be a monic irreducible separable polynomial and \(\alpha\) be a root of \(f\) in an algebraic closure of \(K\). This paper deals with conditions for the ring \(R_{\nu}[\alpha]\) being integrally closed. These conditions are related to criteria obtained in generalizations of a theorem of Dedekind. We start with some notations. The set of all positive elements of \(K\backslash\{0\}\) is denoted by \(\Gamma_{\nu}^+\), \(k_{\nu}\) is the residue field of \(K\) and \(\bar{f}\) is the image of \(f\) in \(k_{\nu}[X]\). Let \(\phi_1,\dots,\phi_s\) be monic polynomials of \(K_{\nu}[X]\) such that \(\bar{f}=\prod_{i=1}^s\overline{\phi_i}^{l_i}\) is the monic irreducible factorization of \(\bar{f}\) over \(k_{\nu}\), and set \(I=\{i \in \{1,\dots, s\} \; :\; l_i\geq 2\}\). For \(i\in \{1,\dots,s\}\), we let \(f=q_i\phi_i+r_i\) be the euclidean division of \(f\) by \(\phi_i\). Finally, for \(a_0+a_1X+\cdots+a_mX^m\in K[X]\), we set \(\nu^G(a_0+a_1X+\cdots+a_mX^m)=\min \{\nu(a_0),\nu(a_1),\dots,\nu(a_m)\}\). The first result states that \(R_{\nu}[\alpha]\) is integrally closed if, and only if, for every \(i\) in \(I\), \(\nu^G(r_i)\) is the minimum of \(\Gamma_{\nu}^+\) (if \(I= \emptyset\), then \(R_{\nu}[\alpha]\) is integrally closed). So, if \(\Gamma_{\nu}^+\) has no minimum, then \(R_{\nu}[\alpha]\) is integrally closed if, and only if, \(I=\emptyset\). A corollary shows that if \(I\neq\emptyset\) and \(\Gamma_{\nu}^+\) has a minimum, then \(R_{\nu}[\alpha]\) is integrally closed if, and only if, for every \(\pi\in R_{\nu}\) such that \(\nu(\pi)=\min (\Gamma_{\nu}^+)\), \(\overline{\phi}_i\) does not divide the image of \(\frac{1}{\pi}(f-\prod_{i=1}^s\phi_i^{l_i})\) in \(k_{\nu}[X]\). \\ The ring \(K_{\nu}[\alpha]\) being integrally closed is also equivalent to the following: \\ - \(\nu\) has exactly \(s\) extensions \(\omega_1,\dots,\omega_s\) to \(K(\alpha)\), furthermore we can assume that, for \(i\neq j\) in \(\{1,\dots, s\}\), \(\omega_i(\phi_j(\alpha))=0<\omega_i(\phi_i(\alpha))\); \\ - if \(I\neq\emptyset\), then, for every \(i\in I\), \(l_i\omega_i(\phi_i(\alpha))\) is the minimum of \(\Gamma_{\nu}^+\). \\ It follows that if \(R_{\nu}[\alpha]\) is integrally closed, then, for every \(i\) in \(\{1,\dots,s\}\), the ramification index \(e(\omega_i/\nu)=[\omega_i(K(\alpha)^*):\nu(K^*)]\) is equal to \(l_i\), and the residual degree \(f(\omega_i/\nu)=[k_{\omega_i}:k_{\nu}]\) is equal to the degree of \(\phi_i\). Furthermore \(\sum_{i=1}^s e(\omega_i/\nu)f(\omega_i/\nu)=[K(\alpha):K]\). \\ They get three applications. \\ 1. Assume that there is \(a\in R_{\nu}\) such that \(f=X^n-a\). Then \(R_{\nu}[\alpha]\) is integrally closed if, and only if, \(\nu(a)\) is equal to the minimum of \(\Gamma_{\nu}^+\). \\ 2. Let \(g\) be a monic polynomial in \(K_{\nu}[X]\) such that \(\bar{g}\) is a positive power of \(\overline{X}\) and \(\nu(g(0))\) is the minimum of \(\Gamma_{\nu}^+\) (i.e.\ \(g\) is \(\nu\)-Eisenstein), and \(K(\alpha)=K(\theta)\), for some root \(\theta\) of \(g\). Then \(R_{\nu}[\theta]\) is integrally closed. \\ 3. Let \(a\in R_{\nu}\), such that \(\Gamma_{\nu}^+\) has a minimum which is equal to \(\nu(a)/m\), where \(m\) is a positive integer which is coprime to \(n\). Then \(X^n-a\) is irreducible over \(K_{\nu}\). In addition, let \(u\), \(v\) be the positive integers such that \(v<n\) and \(mu-nv=1\), let \(\theta\) be a root of \(X^n-a\) in an algebraic closure of \(K\), and \(\pi\) in \(R_{\nu}\) such that \(\nu(\pi)\) is the minimum of \(\Gamma_{\nu}^+\). Then \(R_{\nu}[\theta^v/\pi^u]\) is the algebraic closure of \(R_{\nu}\) in \(K(\theta)\). \\ The paper ends with examples that use some of these criteria.

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