A Note on the Number of Permutations whose Cycle Lengths Are Prime Numbers

MaRDI QIDQ6375030zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Ljuben Mutafchiev

Publication date 11 August 2021

Abstract: Let $A$ be a set of natural numbers and let $S_{n,A}$ be the set of all permutations of $[n]=1,2,\mathrm{...},n$ with cycle lengths belonging to $A$. For $A(n)=Acap[n]$, the limit $ho=li{m}_{noinfty}midA(n)mid/n$ (if it esists) is usually called the density of set $A$. (Here $midBmid$ stands for the cardinality of the set $B$.) Several studies show that the asymptotic behavior of the cardinality $mid{S}_{n,A}mid$, as $noinfty$, depends on the density $ho$. It turns out that the asumption $ho>0$ plays an essential role in the asymptotic analysis of $mid{S}_{n,A}mid$. Kolchin (1999) noticed that there is a lack of studies on classes of permutations satisfying $ho=0$ and proposed investigations on certain particular cases. In this note, we consider the permutations whose cycle lengths are prime numbers, that is, we assume that $A=mathcalP$, where $mathcalP$ denotes the set of all primes. From the Prime Number Theorem it follows that $ho=0$ for this class of permutations. We deduce an asymptotic formula for the summatory function $su{m}_{klen}mid{S}_{k,mathcalP}mid/k!$ as $noinfty$. In our proof we employ the classical Hardy-Littlewood-Karamata Tauberian theorem.

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