A Theory of Quantum Instruments

DOI10.12743/QUANTA.V12I1.233MaRDI QIDQ6113238zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Stan Gudder

Publication date 8 August 2023

Published in Quanta (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.17584

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Twisted and skew group rings, crossed products (16S35) Vector-valued set functions, measures and integrals (28B05) Hilbert and pre-Hilbert spaces: geometry and topology (including spaces with semidefinite inner product) (46C05) Positive linear operators and order-bounded operators (47B65) Quantum measurement theory, state operations, state preparations (81P15)

Abstract: Until recently, a quantum instrument was defined to be a completely positive operation-valued measure from the set of states on a Hilbert space to itself. In the last few years, this definition has been generalized to such measures between sets of states from different Hilbert spaces called the input and output Hilbert spaces. This article presents a theory of such instruments.Ways that instruments can be combined such as convex combinations, post-processing, sequential products, tensor products and conditioning are studied. We also consider marginal, reduced instruments and how these are used to define coexistence (compatibility) of instruments. Finally, we present a brief introduction to quantum measurement models where the generalization of instruments is essential. Many of the concepts of the theory are illustrated by examples. In particular, we discuss Holevo and Kraus instruments.

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Cited in

(2)

• Quantum instruments: I. Extreme instruments
• Uncertainty of quantum states

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