A Wiener theorem for orthogonal polynomials
N. Wiener characterized the discrete part of a complex Borel measure \(\mu\in M(T)\) on the torus group \(T\). The authors obtain an analogous result for an orthonormal real-valued polynomial sequence \(\{p_n\}_{n\in \mathbb{N}_0}\) on \((- \infty, +\infty)\) with respect to a probability measure \(\pi\) with \(\text{card}(\text{supp } \pi)= \infty\). The polynomial \(p_n\) verifies \(\deg(p_n)= n\) and has a positive leading coefficient \(\gamma_n\). Let \(D\) be an arbitrary compact subset of \(\mathbb{R}\) and let \(m(n)= \max|p_n(x)|\) \((x\in D)\), \[ S= \{x\in D: \varlimsup [\sum p^2_k(x)]/[\sum m^2(k)]> 0\quad (k= 0, 1,\dots, N;\;N\to \infty)\}. \] Suppose that \(\{p_n\}\) satisfies on \(D\) the following condition \[ \lim {\gamma_n\over \gamma_{n+ 1}} {m(n) m(n+ 1)\over \sum m^2(k)}= 0\quad (k= 0, 1,\dots, N;\;n\to \infty).\tag{G} \] Let \(\mu\in M(E)\) be a complex Borel measure on \(D\) with discrete part \(\mu_d\). Then the following conditions are equivalent: \[ S\text{ supp } \mu_d= 0,\tag{i} \] \[ \lim \sum|\widehat\mu(k) m(k)|^2/ \sum m^2(k)= 0\quad (k= 0, 1,\dots, N;\;N\to \infty),\tag{ii} \] where \(\widehat\mu(k)= (\int_D p_k (x) d\mu(x))/m(k)\). The authors give growth conditions under which \(S\) can be characterized or the property (G) can be verified. They calculate \(S\) for Jacobi and Tchebycheff polynomials and other polynomials related to hypergroups and prove that the property (G) holds for some polynomials.
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