A critical quartet for queuing couples

MaRDI QIDQ6345959zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Donovan Young

Publication date 27 July 2020

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Exact enumeration problems, generating functions (05A15) Edge subsets with special properties (factorization, matching, partitioning, covering and packing, etc.) (05C70) Combinatorial probability (60C05)

Abstract: We enumerate arrangements of $n$ couples, i.e. pairs of people, placed in a single-file queue, and consider four statistics from the vantage point of a distinguished given couple. In how many arrangements are exactly $p$ of the $n-1$ other couples i) interlaced with the given couple, ii) contained within them, iii) containing the given couple, and iv) lying outside the given couple? We provide generating functions which enumerate these arrangements and obtain the associated continuous asymptotic distributions in the $noinfty$ limit. The asymptotic distributions corresponding to cases i), iii), and iv) evince critical phenomena around the value $p_c=(n-1)/2$, such that the probability that 1) the couple is interlaced with more than half of the other couples, and 2) the couple is contained by more than half of the other couples, are both zero in the strict $noinfty$ limit. We further show that the cumulative probability that less than half of the other couples lie outside the given couple is $pi/4$ in the limit, and that the associated distribution is uniform for $p<p_c$.

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