A generalization of parallel addition
Axiomatic potential theory (31D05) Functional equations for functions with more general domains and/or ranges (39B52) Inner product spaces and their generalizations, Hilbert spaces (46C99) Functional calculus for linear operators (47A60) Convex sets and cones of operators (47L07) Abstract operator algebras on Hilbert spaces (47L30)
Suppose A and B are two positive operators defined on the Hilbert space H. The parallel sum of A and B is denoted by A:B and is defined by the formula \[ ((A:B)x,x)=\inf \{(Ay,y)+(Bz,z);\quad y+z=x,\quad y,z\in H\}. \] \textit{W. N. Anderson} and \textit{G. E. Trapp} [Linear Algebra Appl. 106, 209-217 (1988; Zbl 0657.15018)] and also \textit{E. L. Pekarev} and \textit{J. L. Smul'jan} [Math. USSR, Izv. 10, 351-370 (1977; Zbl 0351.47031)] have obtained several properties of the parallel addition. The authors consider a cone A of positive operators having a binary operation (A,B)\(\to A\circ B\) with properties identical to parallel addition. In aprticular \(A\circ (\lambda A)=g(\lambda)A\) where \(\lambda \in {\mathbb{R}}^+\) and g is a given strictly positive function on \({\mathbb{R}}^+\). They use a result of \textit{F. Bohnenblust} [Duke Math. J. 6, 627-640 (1940; Zbl 0024.04101)] to show that g must have the form \(g(\lambda)=(1+\lambda^{-p})^{-1/p}\) for some \(0<p<\infty\). They also characterize the (E,p) quasi-units of A in terms of the extreme points of the convex set \(\{\) \(B\in A:\) \(B\leq E\}\).
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