A new functional equation characterizing generalized Joukowski transformations

Functional equations in the complex plane, iteration and composition of analytic functions of one complex variable (30D05) Other special functions (33E99) Iteration theory, iterative and composite equations (39B12)

Review text

It is well known that the only entire solutions of the functional equation \(| f(z)| =| f(x)|\) \((z=x+iy)\) are the exponentials \(f(z)=Ae^{sz}\) (A\(\in {\mathbb{C}}\), \(s\in {\mathbb{R}})\). Similarly, the only solutions of \(| f(z)| =| f(| z|)|\), which are holomorphic in the plane, except possibly a pole at \(z=0\), are \(f(z)=Az^ p\) (A\(\in {\mathbb{C}}\), \(p\in {\mathbb{Z}})\). Generalizing this result the present author proves that the only solutions (of the same type) of the functional equation \((*)\quad | f(re^{i\theta})|^ 2+| f(1)|^ 2=| f(r)|^ 2+| f(e^{i\theta})|^ 2\) are the generalized Joukowski transforms \(f(z)=Az^ p+Bz^{-p}\). The proof is based on the fact that (*) implies either \(f=0\) or \(Im((z^ 2f+zf')/f)=0,\) which is equivalent with the Euler differential equation \(z^ 2f+zf'-p^ 2f=0\).

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