A non-backtracking method for long matrix and tensor completion

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Abstract: We consider the problem of low-rank rectangular matrix completion in the regime where the matrix M of size nimesm is ``long", i.e., the aspect ratio m/n diverges to infinity. Such matrices are of particular interest in the study of tensor completion, where they arise from the unfolding of a low-rank tensor. In the case where the sampling probability is fracdsqrtmn, we propose a new spectral algorithm for recovering the singular values and left singular vectors of the original matrix M based on a variant of the standard non-backtracking operator of a suitably defined bipartite weighted random graph, which we call a extit{non-backtracking wedge operator}. When d is above a Kesten-Stigum-type sampling threshold, our algorithm recovers a correlated version of the singular value decomposition of M with quantifiable error bounds. This is the first result in the regime of bounded d for weak recovery and the first for weak consistency when doinfty arbitrarily slowly without any polylog factors. As an application, for low-rank orthogonal k-tensor completion, we efficiently achieve weak recovery with sample size O(nk/2), and weak consistency with sample size omega(nk/2).














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