A simple proof of the unconditional security of quantum key distribution

DOI10.1088/0305-4470/34/35/321MaRDI QIDQ2766213zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Hoi-Kwong Lo

Publication date 27 January 2002

Published in Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9904091

zbMATH Keywords

error rate of a teleportation channelquantum cryptographysecurity of quantum key distribution

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum computation (81P68) Cryptography (94A60)

Abstract: Quantum key distribution is the most well-known application of quantum cryptography. Previous proposed proofs of security of quantum key distribution contain various technical subtleties. Here, a conceptually simpler proof of security of quantum key distribution is presented. The new insight is the invariance of the error rate of a teleportation channel: We show that the error rate of a teleportation channel is independent of the signals being transmitted. This is because the non-trivial error patterns are permuted under teleportation. This new insight is combined with the recently proposed quantum to classical reduction theorem. Our result shows that assuming that Alice and Bob have fault-tolerant quantum computers, quantum key distribution can be made unconditionally secure over arbitrarily long distances even against the most general type of eavesdropping attacks and in the presence of all types of noises.

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