A singular Hamilton-Jacobi equation modeling the tail problem

DOI10.1137/100819527MaRDI QIDQ4907750zbMATH OpenOpenAlexDBLPWikidataFDO

Authors Sepideh Mirrahimi, Guy Barles, Ben{ôı}t Perthame, Panagiotis E. Souganidis

Publication date 22 February 2013

Published in SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1007.2802

zbMATH Keywords

asymptotic analysisfree boundaryHopf-Cole transformationquasi-variational inequalitysurvival threshold

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Singular perturbations in context of PDEs (35B25) Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs (35B40) Hamilton-Jacobi equations (35F21) Reaction-diffusion equations (35K57) Viscosity solutions to Hamilton-Jacobi equations in optimal control and differential games (49L25) Problems related to evolution (92D15)

Abstract: In this paper we study the long time-long range behavior of reaction diffusion equations with negative square root -type reaction terms. In particular we investigate the exponential behavior of the solutions after a standard hyperbolic scaling. This leads to a Hamilton-Jacobi variational inequality with an obstacle that depends on the solution itself and defines the open set where the limiting solution does not vanish. Counter-examples show a nontrivial lack of uniqueness for the variational inequality depending on the conditions imposed on the boundary of this open set. Both Dirichlet and state constraints boundary conditions play a role. When the competition term does not change sign, we can identify the limit, while, in general, we find lower and upper bounds for the limit. Although models of this type are rather old and extinction phenomena are as important as blow-up, our motivation comes from the so-called "tail problem" in population biology. One way to avoid meaningless exponential tails, is to impose extra-mortality below a given survival threshold. Our study shows that the precise form of this extra-mortality term is asymptotically irrelevant and that, in the survival zone, the population profile is impacted by the survival threshold (except in the very particular case when the competition term is non-positive).

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