A study of 2-ended graphs via harmonic functions

MaRDI QIDQ6434369zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Agelos Georgakopoulos, Alex Wendland

Publication date 26 April 2023

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Graphs and linear algebra (matrices, eigenvalues, etc.) (05C50) Flows in graphs (05C21) Infinite graphs (05C63) Harmonic, subharmonic, superharmonic functions on other spaces (31C05) Group actions on combinatorial structures (05E18) Discrete potential theory (31C20) Probabilistic potential theory (60J45) Potential theory on Riemannian manifolds and other spaces (31C12)

Abstract: We prove that every recurrent graph $G$ quasi-isometric to $mathbbR$ admits an essentially unique Lipschitz harmonic function $h$. If $G$ is vertex-transitive, then the action of $Aut(G)$ preserves $partialh$ up to a sign, a fact that we exploit to prove various combinatorial results about $G$. As a consequence, we prove the 2-ended case of the conjecture of Grimmett & Li that the connective constant of a non-degenerate vertex-transitive graph is at least the golden mean. Moreover, answering a question of Watkins from 1990, we construct a cubic, 2-ended, vertex-transitive graph which is not a Cayley graph.

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