A three term sublevel set inequality

Abstract: Let

B

be a ball in

{m a t h b b R}^{2}

. For

j = 1, 2, 3

let

v a r p h i_{j} : B o {m a t h b b R}^{1}

be real analytic submersions, and let

a_{j}

be real analytic coefficient functions. To any

v a r e p s i l o n > 0

and any Lebesgue measurable functions

f_{j} : {m a t h b b R}^{1} o m a t h b b C

associate the sublevel set

S = S (f_{1}, f_{2}, f_{3}, v a r e p s i l o n) = x i n B : | s u m_{j = 1}^{3} a_{j} (x) (f_{j} c i r c v a r p h i_{j}) (x) | < v a r e p s i l o n

. Let

S^{'} = x i n S : m a x_{j} | f_{j} c i r c v a r p h i_{j} (x) | g e 1

. Our main result is an upper bound, under certain hypotheses on the data

v a r p h i_{j}, a_{j}

for the Lebesgue measure of

S^{'}

of the form

| S^{'} | l e c v a r e p s i l o n^{g} a m m a

for some constants

c, g a m m a > 0

that depend on the data

a_{j}, v a r p h i_{j}

but not on the functions

f_{j}

or parameter

v a r e p s i l o n

. The main hypothesis is that in any connected open subset of

B

, the only real analytic solution

(f_{1}, f_{2}, f_{3})

of

s u m_{j} a_{j} (x) (f_{j} c i r c v a r p h i_{j}) (x) e q u i v 0

is the trivial solution

f_{k} = 0 f o r a l l, k

. Certain auxiliary hypotheses, which hold for generic

v a r p h i_{j}, a_{j}

, are also imposed. The case in which all coefficients

a_{j}

are constant was previously known. This result is a principal ingredient in an analysis, in a companion paper, of related implicitly oscillatory integrals with four factors

f_{j}

. Certain related results are also discussed. In particular, a generalization to arbitrarily many summands f_j is obtained for the special case in which all mappings

v a r p h i_{j}

are linear.

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