Algebraic structures of tropical mathematics

DOI10.1090/CONM/616/12312MaRDI QIDQ2942944zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Zur Izhakian, Manfred Knebusch, Louis Rowen

Publication date 11 September 2015

Published in Contemporary Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1305.3906

zbMATH Keywords

max-plus algebrasupertropical algebrassupertropical bilinear formstropical linear algebra

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Ordered abelian groups, Riesz groups, ordered linear spaces (06F20) Semifields (12K10) Max-plus and related algebras (15A80) Semirings (16Y60)

Abstract: Tropical mathematics often is defined over an ordered cancellative monoid $M$, usually taken to be $(RR,+)$ or $(QQ,+)$. Although a rich theory has arisen from this viewpoint, cf. [L1], idempotent semirings possess a restricted algebraic structure theory, and also do not reflect certain valuation-theoretic properties, thereby forcing researchers to rely often on combinatoric techniques. In this paper we describe an alternative structure, more compatible with valuation theory, studied by the authors over the past few years, that permits fuller use of algebraic theory especially in understanding the underlying tropical geometry. The idempotent max-plus algebra $A$ of an ordered monoid $M$ is replaced by $R:=LimesM$, where $L$ is a given indexing semiring (not necessarily with 0). In this case we say $R$ layered by $L$. When $L$ is trivial, i.e, $L=1$, $R$ is the usual bipotent max-plus algebra. When $L=1,infty$ we recover the "standard" supertropical structure with its "ghost" layer. When $L=NN$ we can describe multiple roots of polynomials via a "layering function" $s:RoL$. Likewise, one can define the layering $s:R^{(n)}o{L}^{(n)}$ componentwise; vectors $v_1,dots,v_m$ are called tropically dependent if each component of some nontrivial linear combination $sum{a}_i{v}_i$ is a ghost, for "tangible" $a_{i}inR$. Then an $nimesn$ matrix has tropically dependent rows iff its permanent is a ghost. We explain how supertropical algebras, and more generally layered algebras, provide a robust algebraic foundation for tropical linear algebra, in which many classical tools are available. In the process, we provide some new results concerning the rank of d-independent sets (such as the fact that they are semi-additive),put them in the context of supertropical bilinear forms, and lay the matrix theory in the framework of identities of semirings.

Recommendations

• Layered tropical mathematics
• Categorical notions of layered tropical algebra and geometry
• Elements of tropical linear algebra
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Cited in

(17)

• Submathematics and tropical mathematics
• Polynomial convolutions in max-plus algebra
• A classification of the commutative Banach perfect semi-fields of characteristic 1: applications
• Congruences and coordinate semirings of tropical varieties
• Dominance and Transmissions in Supertropical Valuation Theory
• Categorical notions of layered tropical algebra and geometry
• Strong independence and injectivity in tropical modules
• Basics of linear algebra over the extended tropical semiring
• TROPICAL ALGEBRAIC SETS, IDEALS AND AN ALGEBRAIC NULLSTELLENSATZ
• Supertropical linear algebra
• Supertropical monoids: basics and canonical factorization
• Layered tropical mathematics
• Idempotent semigroups and tropical algebraic sets
• An informal overview of triples and systems
• On the numerical range in tropical algebra
• On matrix semiring over the extended tropical semiring
• Elements of tropical linear algebra

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