An Expansion Term In Hamilton's Equations

DOI10.1209/EPL/I1999-00126-5MaRDI QIDQ6467308zbMATH OpenFDO

Publication date 30 October 1998

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1209/EPL/I1999-00126-5

Abstract: For any given spacetime the choice of time coordinate is undetermined. A particular choice is the absolute time associated with a preferred vector field. Using the absolute time Hamilton's equations are

- (d e l t a H_{c}) / (d e l t a q) = d o t p i + T h e t a p i,

+ (delta H_{c})/(delta pi)=dot{q}

, w h e r e

Theta = V^{a}_{.;a}

i s t h e e x p a n s i o n o f t h e v e c t o r f i e l d . T h u s t h e r e i s a h i t h e r t o u n n o t i c e d t e r m i n t h e e x p a n s i o n o f t h e p r e f e r r e d v e c t o r f i e l d . H a m i l t o n^{'} s e q u a t i o n s c a n b e u s e d t o d e s c r i b e f l u i d m o t i o n . I n t h i s c a s e t h e a b s o l u t e t i m e i s t h e t i m e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e f l u i d^{'} s c o - m o v i n g v e c t o r . A s m e a s u r e d b y t h i s a b s o l u t e t i m e t h e e x p a n s i o n t e r m i s p r e s e n t . S i m i l a r l y i n c o s m o l o g y, e a c h o b s e r v e r h a s a c o - m o v i n g v e c t o r a n d H a m i l t o n^{'} s e q u a t i o n s a g a i n h a v e a n e x p a n s i o n t e r m . I t i s n e c e s s a r y t o i n c l u d e t h e e x p a n s i o n t e r m t o q u a n t i z e s y s t e m s s u c h a s t h e a b o v e b y t h e c a n o n i c a l m e t h o d o f r e p l a c i n g D i r a c b r a c k e t s b y c o m m u t a t o r s . H a m i l t o n^{'} s e q u a t i o n s i n t h i s f o r m d o n o t h a v e a c o r r e s p o n d i n g s y m p l e t i c f o r m . R e p l a c i n g t h e e x p a n s i o n b y a p a r t i c l e n u m b e r

Nequiv exp(-intTheta d a)

a n d i n t r o d u c i n g t h e p a r t i c l e n u m b e r s c o n j u g a t e m o m e n t u m

pi^{N}

t h e s t a n d a r d s y m p l e t i c f o r m c a n b e r e c o v e r e d w i t h t w o e x t r a f i e l d s N a n d

pi^N$. Briefly the possibility of a non-standard sympletic form and the further possibility of there being a non-zero Finsler curvature corresponding to this are looked at.

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