An example of limit of Lempert functions

Abstract: The Lempert function for several poles

a_{0}, ..., a_{N}

in a domain

O m e g a

of

m a t h b b C^{n}

is defined at the point

z i n O m e g a

as the infimum of

s u m_{j = 0}^{N} l o g | z e t a_{j} |

over all the choices of points

z e t a_{j}

in the unit disk so that one can find a holomorphic mapping from the disk to the domain

O m e g a

sending 0 to

z

. This is always larger than the pluricomplex Green function for the same set of poles, and in general different. Here we look at the asymptotic behavior of the Lempert function for three poles in the bidisk (the origin and one on each axis) as they all tend to the origin. The limit of the Lempert functions (if it exists) exhibits the following behavior: along all complex lines going through the origin, it decreases like

(3 / 2) l o g | z |

, except along three exceptional directions, where it decreases like

2 l o g | z |

. The (possible) limit of the corresponding Green functions is not known, and this gives an upper bound for it.

Review text

The Lempert function of a domain \(\Omega\subset{\mathbb C}^n\) with poles \(a_0,\dots, a_N\in\Omega\) is given by \(\ell_{a_0,\dots,a_N}(z)=\inf\{ \sum_{j=0}^N\log| \zeta_j| \}\), where the infimum is taken with respect to all holomorphic maps \(\varphi\colon\Delta\to\Omega\) from the unit disk \(\Delta\subset{\mathbb C}\) with \(\varphi(0)=z\) and \(\varphi(\zeta_j)=a_j\) for \(j=0,\dots,N\). It is well known that \(\ell_{a_0,\dots,a_N}\geq g_{a_0,\dots,a_N}\), where \(g_{a_0,\dots,a_N}\) is the Green function of \(\Omega\) with poles \(a_0,\dots,a_N\), defined by \(g_{a_0,\dots,a_N}(z)= \sup\{u(z)\}\), where the supremum is taken with respect to all plurisubharmonic functions \(u\colon\Omega\to{\mathbb R}^-\cup\{-\infty\}\) with \(u(z)\leq\log| z-a_j| +C_j\) for \(j=0,\dots,N\). In this paper, the author considers \(\Omega=\Delta^2\), \(a_0=(0,0)\), \(a_1=(\varepsilon_1,0)\) and \(a_2=(0,\varepsilon_2)\), with \(\varepsilon_1\), \(\varepsilon_2\in\Delta\), and studies the behavior of \(\ell_{a_0,a_1,a_2}\) as \(\varepsilon_1\), \(\varepsilon_2\to 0\). As a consequence, he obtains estimates on \(g_{a_0,a_1,a_2}\) as \(\varepsilon_1\), \(\varepsilon_2\to 0\).

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