Analytic representation of the square-root operator

DOI10.1088/0305-4470/38/11/010MaRDI QIDQ4673020zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Tepper L. Gill, Woodford W. Zachary

Publication date 29 April 2005

Published in Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0405150

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

PDEs in connection with quantum mechanics (35Q40) Closed and approximate solutions to the Schrödinger, Dirac, Klein-Gordon and other equations of quantum mechanics (81Q05) Covariant wave equations in quantum theory, relativistic quantum mechanics (81R20) Electromagnetic interaction; quantum electrodynamics (81V10)

Abstract: In this paper, we use the theory of fractional powers of linear operators to construct a general (analytic) representation theory for the square-root energy operator of relativistic quantum theory, which is valid for all values of the spin. We focus on the spin 1/2 case, considering a few simple yet solvable and physically interesting cases, in order to understand how to interpret the operator. Our general representation is uniquely determined by the Green's function for the corresponding Schrodinger equation. We find that, in general, the operator has a representation as a nonlocal composite of (at least) three singularities. In the standard interpretation, the particle component has two negative parts and one (hard core) positive part, while the antiparticle component has two positive parts and one (hard core) negative part. This effect is confined within a Compton wavelength such that, at the point of singularity, they cancel each other providing a finite result. Furthermore, the operator looks like the identity outside a few Compton wavelengths (cutoff). To our knowledge, this is the first example of a physically relevant operator with these properties.

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