Analytic solutions to the inverse problem of the Newtonian potential

Boundary value and inverse problems for harmonic functions in higher dimensions (31B20) Stability in context of PDEs (35B35) Inverse problems for PDEs (35R30)

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The paper deals with a classical inverse problem which is unsolved in its general form. The figure of a homogeneous material body G is to be determined by measurements of the Newtonian potential on the surface of a sphere containing G in its interior. The authors assume that \(\Gamma =\partial G\) is diffeomorphic to \(S^ 2=\{x\in R^ 3:\quad x=1\},\) u: \(S^ 2\mapsto R\) satisfies \(| u| \leq c<1\). Further, let \(\phi_ u: S^ 2\mapsto R^ 3\) be the differential embedding defined by \[ \phi_ u(\omega)=\omega (1+u(\omega)),\quad \omega \in S^ 2,\quad \Gamma_ u=\phi_ u(S^ 2). \] \(G_ u\) denotes the domain whose boundary is \(\Gamma_ u\). Consider the potential created by a mass of unit density distributed over \(G_ u:\) \[ V_ u(x)=\int_{S^ 2}d\omega \int^{| \phi_ u(\omega)|}_{0} | x-t\omega |^{-1} t^ 2 dt. \] This potential is measured on \(\Gamma_ 1\) (i.e. \(| x| =2)\). Let v be the difference between this measured potential and the potential created by \(G_ 0\) at \(\Gamma_ 1\) (i.e. \(\pi\) /3). The aim is to prove an existence theorem for the equation \(B(u)=v\), where \(B(u)(\omega)=V_ u(2\omega)-\pi /3\). Here v is given and authors want to solve this equation for u. The method used is a variant of the Nash-Moser iteration technique. In the paper several hard Lemmas are proved which are of special interest.

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