Analytical expressions for optimum alignment modes of highly segmented mirrors

DOI10.1080/09500340410001731057MaRDI QIDQ4670685zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors L. Noethe

Publication date 22 April 2005

Published in Journal of Modern Optics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0406071

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Numerical computation of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices (65F15) Technical applications of optics and electromagnetic theory (78A55)

Abstract: The major sources causing deterioration of optical quality in extremely large optical telescopes are misadjustments of the mirrors, deformations of monolithic mirrors, and misalignments of segments in segmented mirrors. For active optics corrections, all three errors, which can partially compensate each other, are measured simultaneously. It is therefore of interest to understand the similarities and differences between the three corresponding types of modes which describe these errors. The first two types are best represented by Zernike polynomials and elastic modes respectively, both of them being continuous and smooth functions. The segment misaligment modes, which are derived by singular value decomposition, are by their nature not smooth and in general discontinuous. However, for mirrors with a large number of segments, the lowest modes become effectively both smooth and continuous. This paper derives analytical expressions for these modes, using differential operators and their adjoints, for the limit case of infinitesimally small segments. For segmented mirrors with approximately 1000 segments, it is shown that these modes agree well with the corresponding lowest singular value decomposition modes. Furthermore, the analytical expressions reveal the nature of the segment misalignment modes and allow for a detailed comparison with the elastic modes of monolithic mirrors. Some mathematical features emerge as identical in the two cases.

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