Application of entropy compression in pattern avoidance

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Abstract: In combinatorics on words, a word w over an alphabet Sigma is said to avoid a pattern p over an alphabet Delta if there is no factor f of w such that f=(p) where h:DeltaoSigma is a non-erasing morphism. A pattern p is said to be k-avoidable if there exists an infinite word over a k-letter alphabet that avoids p. We give a positive answer to Problem 3.3.2 in Lothaire's book "Algebraic combinatorics on words", that is, every pattern with k variables of length at least 2k (resp. 3imes2k1) is 3-avoidable (resp. 2-avoidable). This improves previous bounds due to Bell and Goh, and Rampersad.









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