Approximate injectivity

DOI10.1007/S10485-017-9510-2MaRDI QIDQ1656718zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Jiří Rosický, Walter Tholen

Publication date 10 August 2018

Published in Applied Categorical Structures (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1608.05524

zbMATH Keywords

\(\lambda \)-\(\varepsilon\)-pure morphism\(\varepsilon\)-(co)limit\(\varepsilon\)-injective object\textbf{met}-enriched categoryapproximate \(\lambda \)-injectivity classGurarii spacelocally \(\lambda \)-presentableUrysohn space

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Accessible and locally presentable categories (18C35) Enriched categories (over closed or monoidal categories) (18D20) Isometric theory of Banach spaces (46B04) Categories, functors in functional analysis (46M15) Semimetric spaces (54E25)

Abstract: In a locally $lambda$-presentable category, with $lambda$ a regular cardinal, classes of objects that are injective with respect to a family of morphisms whose domains and codomains are $lambda$-presentable, are known to be characterized by their closure under products, $lambda$-directed colimits and $lambda$-pure subobjects. Replacing the strict commutativity of diagrams by "commutativity up to $varepsilon$", this paper provides an "approximate version" of this characterization for categories enriched over metric spaces. It entails a detailed discussion of the needed $varepsilon$-generalizations of the notion of $lambda$-purity. The categorical theory is being applied to the locally $alep{h}_1$-presentable category of Banach spaces and their linear operators of norm at most 1, culminating in a largely categorical proof for the existence of the so-called Gurarii Banach space.

Review text

The category of metric spaces and nonexpansive maps can be made complete, cocomplete, and symmetric monoidal closed, by enlarging it with metrics that allow distance infinity between two points but otherwise obey the same laws. Consider a category enriched in this category of generalized metric spaces. It now makes sense to talk about when two morphisms \(A \to B\) are \(\varepsilon\) close to each other, rather than simply equal. This allows one to ask approximative questions. For example, the authors develop a theory of colimits that are (strictly) universal among cocones that commute up to \(\varepsilon\). Similarly, one can speak about \(\varepsilon\)-monomorphisms, and \(\varepsilon\)-pure morphisms. But their main goal is to develop an approximative version of the theory of injectivity. An object \(K\) is \(\varepsilon\)-injective for a morphism \(f \colon A \to B\) when every \(g \colon A \to K\) allows \(h \colon B \to K\) such that \(h \circ f\) is \(\varepsilon\)-close to \(g\). For a class of morphisms \(F\), consider the class of objects \(\varepsilon\)-injective to every \(f \in F\). Such classes of objects are called \(\varepsilon\)-injectivity classes. The main result characterizes \(\varepsilon\)-injectivity classes as those classes of morphisms that are closed under products, directed colimits, and \(\varepsilon\)-pure morphisms. This is later upgraded to a version that quantifies over all \(\varepsilon>0\); these approximate injectivity classes turn out to coincide with ordinary injectivity classes. (All of this requires appropriate background assumptions, namely that the category is enriched in generalized metric spaces, its underlying ordinary category is locally \(\lambda\)-presentable for an uncountable regular cardinal \(\lambda\), and any \(\lambda\)-presentable object is also \(\lambda\)-presentable in the underlying ordinary category.) The main example is the category of Banach spaces and nonexpansive linear maps. The last section applies the general theory here to show that there exists a separable \(\aleph_0\)-approximately-saturated Banach space, which is also known as the Gurarii space.

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Cites work

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Cited in

(12)

• Fraïssé limits in functional analysis
• On injectivity in category of rough sets
• Approximate injectivity and smallness in metric-enriched categories
• Injective objects and retracts of Fraïssé limits
• Generalized Injectivity and Approximations
• Local Orthogonal Cutting Method for Computing Medial Curves and Its Biomedical Applications
• Are Banach spaces monadic?
• Metric monads
• On the uniqueness of cellular injectives
• Enriched purity and presentability in Banach spaces
• Metric enrichment, finite generation, and the path coreflection
• Notions of enriched purity

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