Approximation theorems for double orthogonal series

Rate of convergence, degree of approximation (41A25) Approximation by other special function classes (41A30) General harmonic expansions, frames (42C15)

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Let \(\{\phi_{ik}(x): i,k=1,2,...\}\) be a double orthonormal system on a positive measure space, and \(\{a_{ik}\}\) a double sequence of real numbers for which \(\sum^{\infty}_{i=1}\sum^{\infty}_{k=1}a^ 2_{ik}<\infty\). Then the sum f(x) of the double orthogonal series \(\sum \sum a_{ik}\phi_{ik}(x)\) exists in the sense of \(L^ 2\)-metric. If, in addition, \((*)\quad \sum \quad \sum a^ 2_{ik}\kappa^ 2(i,k)<\infty\) with an appropriate double sequence \(\{ \kappa\) (i,k)\(\}\) of positive numbers, then a rate of approximation to f(x) can be obtained by the rectangular partial sums \(s_{mn}(x)=\sum^{m}_{i=1}\sum^{n}_{k=1}a_{ik}\phi_{ik}(x),\) by the first arithmetic means \(\sigma_{mn}(x)=(1/mn)\sum^{m}_{i=1}\sum^{n}_{k=1}s_{ik}(x),\) etc. One of the main results reads as follows: Theorem 4. If \(\{\lambda_ j(m): m=1,2,...\}\) is a nondecreasing sequence of positive numbers such that \(\lambda_ j(2m)\leq C\lambda_ j(m)\) with a constant \(C<2\) for \(m\geq m_ j (j=1,2)\) and relation (*) is satisfied with \(\kappa(i,k)=\log \log(i+3)\log \log(k+3)\cdot \max \{\lambda_ 1(i),\lambda_ 2(k)\},\) then \(\min \{\lambda_ 1(m),\lambda_ 2(n)\}| \sigma_{mn}(x)-f(x)| \to 0\) a.e. as mi\(n\{\) m,\(n\} \to \infty\).

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