Arithmetic and geometry of the Hecke groups

Abstract: We study the arithmetic and geometry properties of the Hecke group

G_{q}

. In particular, we prove that

G_{q}

has a subgroup

X

of index

d

, genus

g

with

v_{i n f t y}

cusps, and

a u_{2}

(resp.

v_{r_{i}}

) conjugacy classes of elements that are conjugates of

S

(resp.

R^{q / r_{i}}

) if and only if (i)

2 g - 2 + a u_{2} / 2 + s u m_{i = 1}^{k} v_{r_{i}} (1 - 1 / r_{i}) + v_{i n f t y} = d (1 / 2 - 1 / q)

, and (ii)

m_{0} = 4 g - 4 + a u_{2} + 2 v_{i n f t y} + s u m_{i = 1}^{k} v_{r_{i}} (2 - q / r_{i}) g e 0

is a multiple of

q - 2

, (iii)

m g e 0

. In the case

q

is odd, (ii) is a consequence of (i).

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