Arithmetic functions with linear recurrence sequences

DOI10.1016/J.JNT.2006.12.006MaRDI QIDQ996209zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Florian Luca, Igor E. Shparlinski

Publication date 13 September 2007

Published in Journal of Number Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnt.2006.12.006

zbMATH Keywords

arithmetic functions moments recurrence sequences of itnegers

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Recurrences (11B37) Asymptotic results on arithmetic functions (11N37)

Review text

Let \(u= (u(x))\) be a linear recurrence sequence of integers satisfying \[ u(x+ n)= a_1u(x+ n-1)+\cdots+ a_{n-1} u(x+ 1)+ a_n u(x), \] \(x=1,2,\dots\), such that \(u\) is nondegenerate, \(u(x)\neq 0\) and no \(d\geq 2\) divides every element of \(u\). Let \(\theta(k)\) be an arithmetic function, defined for \(k\leq 0\) by \(\theta(0)= 0\), \(\theta(k)= \theta(|k|)\), and write \[ \theta(k)= \sum_{d|k|} {\xi(d)\over d} \] for \(\xi(d)\) an arithmetic function. The objective of the present paper is to study sums of the form \[ S_\nu(\theta, M,N)={1\over N} \sum^{M+N}_{x= M+1} (\theta(u(x)))^\nu. \] Similar sums have been investigated previously in the literature; see, for example, [Mean behavior of arithmetic functions on certain thin sequences. Schwarz, Wolfgang (ed.) et al., Elementare und analytische Zahlentheorie. Tagungsband. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag. Schriften der Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft an der Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main 20, 65-76 (2006; Zbl 1175.11056)] by \textit{K. H. Indlekofer} and \textit{L. G. Lucht}. Theorem 1 of the current paper establishes that when \(\xi(k)= O(1)\) there is a positive constant \(\Gamma_\nu\) such that \[ S_\nu(\theta, M,N)= \Gamma_\nu+ O\Biggl({(\log(M+ N))^\nu\over N}+ {(\log\log N)^\nu\over\log N}\Biggr) \] for \(\nu= 1,2,\dots\)\ . In Theorem 2 the authors consider the sum \(S_\nu(\theta,M,N)\) when \(u(x)= ag^x+ b\), where \(abg\neq 0\), \(|g|>1\), \(\text{gcd}(ag, b)= \text{gcd}(g- 1,a+ b)= 1\), and obtain a stronger result where the error term becomes \(O({(\log(M+ N))^\nu\over N})\). Then they apply their results to the functions \({\alpha(n)\over n}\), \({\alpha(n)\over\varphi(n)}\), where \[ \alpha(n)+{1\over n} \sum_{d|n} d\varphi(d); \] these functions were studied, for example, by \textit{F.Luca} in [Ramanujan J. 9, No. 1--2, 33--44 (2005; Zbl 1155.11344)].

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