Arithmetic properties of generalized Euler numbers

MaRDI QIDQ1369333zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Bruce E. Sagan, Ping Zhang

Publication date 11 November 1998

Published in Southeast Asian Bulletin of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/9801010

zbMATH Keywords

congruencesdescent numbergeneralized Euler numbersinversionspermutations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

(q)-calculus and related topics (05A30) Congruences; primitive roots; residue systems (11A07) Binomial coefficients; factorials; (q)-identities (11B65) Bernoulli and Euler numbers and polynomials (11B68)

Abstract: The generalized Euler number E_{n|k} counts the number of permutations of {1,2,...,n} which have a descent in position m if and only if m is divisible by k. The classical Euler numbers are the special case when k=2. In this paper, we study divisibility properties of a q-analog of E_{n|k}. In particular, we generalize two theorems of Andrews and Gessel about factors of the q-tangent numbers.

Review text

The generalized Euler numbers \(E_{n| k}\) count the number of permutations which have a descent in position \(n\) if and only if \(n\) is a multiple of \(k\). A \(q\)-analogue of \(E_{n| k}\) is given by the generating function (with respect to the variable \(q\)) of the number of inversions in the above set of permutations. The main result of the paper asserts that if \(k\) is prime and \(1\leq i\leq k-1\), then the \(q\)-analogue \(E_{nk+ i| k}(q)\) is divisible by \([k]_q [k]_{q^2}\dots [k]_{q^n}\) and by \([k]_q^n\), where, as usual, \([k]_l= 1+ l+\cdots+ l^{k-1}\).

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Cited in

(11)

• Combinatorial interpretation of general Eulerian numbers
• Quasi-symmetric functions and up-down compositions
• Some arithmetic properties of the \(q\)-Euler numbers and \(q\)-Salié numbers
• Factors of the Gaussian coefficients
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5850891 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5626054 (Why is no real title available?)
• Euler constants for arithmetic progressions
• On arithmetic properties of the convergents of Euler's number
• An operator on permutations and its application to Eulerian numbers
• A \(q\)-analogue of generalized Eulerian polynomials with applications
• On the q-extension of Euler and Genocchi numbers

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