Ascent sliceness

Publication date 5 February 2018

Abstract: We introduce the notion of ascent sliceness of virtual knots. A representative of a virtual knot is an embedding

S^{1} h o o k r i g h t a r r o w S i g m a_{g} i m e s I

, for

S i g m a_{g}

a closed connected oriented surface of genus

g

; the virtual knot represented is slice if there exists a pair consisting of a disc

D

and an oriented

3

-manifold

M

, such that

D h o o k r i g h t a r r o w M i m e s I

,

p a r t i a l M = S i g m a_{g}

, and

p a r t i a l D = S^{1}

(the image of the embedding). This definition of sliceness exemplifies that a cobordism of virtual links is a pair consisting of a surface and a

3

-manifold; in addition to analysing the surfaces, as is done in classical knot theory, we may analyse the

3

-manifolds appearing in cobordisms between virtual knots. In particular, consider a Morse function on the

3

-manifold

M

: away from critical points the level sets are surfaces, and we may ask how the genus of these surfaces changes as we move through the cobordism. Roughly, a slice virtual knot

K

with genus-minimal representative

S^{1} h o o k r i g h t a r r o w S i g m a_{g} i m e s I

is ascent slice if, given any disc and

3

-manifold pair

(D, M)

as above, and any Morse function

f : M i g h t a r r o w I

, the surface

S i g m a_{g + 1}

appears as a level set of

f

. We use an augmented version of doubled Khovanov homology to define a property which implies ascent sliceness for slice virtual knots of minimal supporting genus

1

.

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