Associated forms of binary quartics and ternary cubics

DOI10.1007/S00031-015-9343-8MaRDI QIDQ326352zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors N. G. Kruzhilin, Jarod Alper, A. V. Isaev

Publication date 12 October 2016

Published in Transformation Groups (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1409.8369

zbMATH Keywords

binary quarticcontravariantelliptic curvegeometric invariant theoryternary cubic

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

General ternary and quaternary quadratic forms; forms of more than two variables (11E20) Elliptic curves (14H52) Geometric invariant theory (14L24) Invariants of analytic local rings (32S10) Complex surface and hypersurface singularities (32S25)

Abstract: Let ${mathcalQ}_n^d$ be the vector space of forms of degree $dge3$ on ${mathbbC}^n$, with $nge2$. The object of our study is the map $Phi$, introduced in papers [EI], [AI1], that assigns every nondegenerate form in ${mathcalQ}_n^d$ the so-called associated form, which is an element of ${mathcalQ}_n^{n(d-2)\ast }$. We focus on two cases: those of binary quartics ($n=2$, $d=4$) and ternary cubics ($n=3$, $d=3$). In these situations the map $Phi$ induces a rational equivariant involution on the projectivized space $mathbbP({mathcalQ}_n^d)$, which is in fact the only nontrivial rational equivariant involution on $mathbbP({mathcalQ}_n^d)$. In particular, there exists an equivariant involution on the space of elliptic curves with nonvanishing $j$-invariant. In the present paper, we give a simple interpretation of this involution in terms of projective duality. Furthermore, we express it via classical contravariants.

Review text

The main object of the paper under review is the complex vector space \(Q_ n^ d\) of \(n\)-ary forms of degree \(d\) with complex coefficients (\(n\geq 2\), \(d\geq 3\)). More precisely, the authors are interested in the map \(\Phi\) sending a nondegenerate \(n\)-ary \(d\)-form \(f\) to the associated form which is an element of the space dual to \(Q_ n ^{n(d-2)}\). Their focus is on the cases of binary quartics and ternary cubics, the only cases when \(\Phi\) preserves the degree. They show that in each of these cases the projectivization of \(\Phi\) induces an equivariant (with respect to an action of \(SL_n\)) involution on the projectivization of the space of nondegenerate forms with one orbit removed. Furthermore, they show that a such a nontrivial rational equivariant involution is unique. In particular, \(\Phi\) yields a unique equivariant involution on the space of elliptic curves with nonvanishing \(j\)-invariant. They give a simple interpretation of this involution in terms of projective duality and express it via classical contravariants, in the spirit of Cayley and Sylvester. Eventual applications in singularity theory are also explained.

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Cited in

(8)

• On the equivalence of binary quartics
• Associated forms and hypersurface singularities: the binary case
• Quadratic involutions on binary forms
• Associated forms: current progress and open problems
• The special symplectic structure of binary cubics
• Inverting catalecticants of ternary quartics
• Stability of associated forms
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6790646 (Why is no real title available?)

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