Augmented saddle point formulation of the steady-state Stefan--Maxwell diffusion problem
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Existence problems for PDEs: global existence, local existence, non-existence (35A01) Uniqueness problems for PDEs: global uniqueness, local uniqueness, non-uniqueness (35A02) Error bounds for boundary value problems involving PDEs (65N15) Finite element, Rayleigh-Ritz and Galerkin methods for boundary value problems involving PDEs (65N30) Gas dynamics (general theory) (76N15) Physiology (general) (92C30)
Abstract: We investigate structure-preserving finite element discretizations of the steady-state Stefan--Maxwell diffusion problem which governs diffusion within a phase consisting of multiple species. An approach inspired by augmented Lagrangian methods allows us to construct a symmetric positive definite augmented Onsager transport matrix, which in turn leads to an effective numerical algorithm. We prove inf-sup conditions for the continuous and discrete linearized systems and obtain error estimates for a phase consisting of an arbitrary number of species. The discretization preserves the thermodynamically fundamental Gibbs--Duhem equation to machine precision independent of mesh size. The results are illustrated with numerical examples, including an application to modelling the diffusion of oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapour and nitrogen in the lungs.
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