Automatic hermiticity for mixed states

DOI10.1093/PTEP/PTAD025MaRDI QIDQ6045292zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Keiichi Nagao, Holger Bech Nielsen

Publication date 26 May 2023

Published in PTEP. Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.11619

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Formal methods and deformations in algebraic geometry (14D15) Hilbert and pre-Hilbert spaces: geometry and topology (including spaces with semidefinite inner product) (46C05) Hamilton's equations (70H05) Quantum state spaces, operational and probabilistic concepts (81P16) Closed and approximate solutions to the Schrödinger, Dirac, Klein-Gordon and other equations of quantum mechanics (81Q05) Selfadjoint operator theory in quantum theory, including spectral analysis (81Q10) Nonselfadjoint operator theory in quantum theory including creation and destruction operators (81Q12)

Abstract: We previously proposed a mechanism to effectively obtain, after a long time development, a Hamiltonian being Hermitian with regard to a modified inner product $I_Q$ that makes a given non-normal Hamiltonian normal by using an appropriately chosen Hermitian operator $Q$. We studied it for pure states. In this letter we show that a similar mechanism also works for mixed states by introducing density matrices to describe them and investigating their properties explicitly both in the future-not-included and future-included theories. In particular, in the latter, where not only a past state at the initial time $T_A$ but also a future state at the final time $T_B$ is given, we study a couple of candidates for it, and introduce a ``skew density matrix composed of both ensembles of the future and past states such that the trace of the product of it and an operator $calO$ matches a normalized matrix element of $calO$. We argue that the skew density matrix defined with $I_Q$ at the present time $t$ for large $T_B-t$ and large $t-T_A$ approximately corresponds to another density matrix composed of only an ensemble of past states and defined with another inner product $I_{Q_J}$ for large $t-T_A$.

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Cited in

(2)

• Automatic Hermiticity
• Fleming's bound for the decay of mixed states

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