Axis-Aligned Square Contact Representations

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Abstract: We introduce a new class mathcalG of bipartite plane graphs and prove that each graph in mathcalG admits a proper square contact representation. A contact between two squares is emph{proper} if they intersect in a line segment of positive length. The class mathcalG is the family of quadrangulations obtained from the 4-cycle C4 by successively inserting a single vertex or a 4-cycle of vertices into a face. For every graph GinmathcalG, we construct a proper square contact representation. The key parameter of the recursive construction is the aspect ratio of the rectangle bounded by the four outer squares. We show that this aspect ratio may continuously vary in an interval IG. The interval IG cannot be replaced by a fixed aspect ratio, however, as we show, the feasible interval IG may be an arbitrarily small neighborhood of any positive real.














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