Biembeddings of cycle systems using integer Heffter arrays

DOI10.1002/JCD.21753MaRDI QIDQ6321028zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Nicholas J. Cavenagh, Diane Donovan, Emine Şule Yazıcı

Publication date 23 June 2019

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1002/jcd.21753

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Combinatorics (05-XX)

Abstract: In this paper we will show the existence of a face $2$-colourable biembedding of the complete graph onto an orientable surface where each face is a cycle of a fixed length $k$, for infinitely many values of $k$. In particular, under certain conditions, we show that there exists at least $(n-2)[(p-2)!{]}^2/(e^{2}kn)$ non-isomorphic face $2$-colourable biembeddings of $K_{2nk+1}$ in which all faces are cycles of length $k=4p+3$. These conditions are: $nequiv1mod4$, $kequiv3mod4$ and either $n$ is prime or $nggk$ and $nequiv0mod3$ implies $pequiv1mod3$. To achieve this result we begin by verifying the existence of $(n-2)[(p-2)!/e{]}^2$ non-equivalent Heffter arrays, $H(n;k)$, which satisfy the conditions: (1) for each row and each column the sequential partial sums determined by the natural ordering must be distinct modulo $2nk+1$; (2) the composition of the natural orderings of the rows and columns is equivalent to a single cycle permutation on the entries in the array. The existence of Heffter arrays $H(n;k)$ that satisfy condition (1) was established earlier in cite{BCDY} and in this current paper we vary this construction and show that there are at least $(n-2)[(p-2)!/e{]}^2$ such non-equivalent $H(n;k)$ that satisfy condition (1) and then show that each of these Heffter arrays also satisfy condition (2) under certain conditions.

Recommendations

• Globally simple heffter arrays \(H ( n ; k )\) when \(k \equiv 0 , 3 \pmod 4 \)
• Heffter arrays and biembedding graphs on surfaces
• Biembedding Steiner triple systems and n-cycle systems on orientable surfaces
• Relative Heffter arrays and biembeddings
• Globally simple Heffter arrays and orthogonal cyclic cycle decompositions

Cited in

(5)

• Existence of \(\lambda\)-fold non-zero sum Heffter arrays through local considerations
• A class of highly symmetric Archdeacon embeddings
• A survey of Heffter arrays
• On the number of non-isomorphic (simple) \(k\)-gonal biembeddings of complete multipartite graphs
• Biembeddings of Archdeacon type: their full automorphism group and their number

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