Big Heegaard distance implies finite mapping class group

DOI10.1016/J.TOPOL.2007.05.011MaRDI QIDQ2384404zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Hossein Namazi

Publication date 21 September 2007

Published in Topology and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0406551

zbMATH Keywords

curve complexHeegaard distanceHeegaard splitting

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

General low-dimensional topology (57M99)

Abstract: We show that if $M$ is a closed three manifold with a Heegaard splitting with sufficiently big "handlebody distance" then the subgroup of the mapping class group of the Heegaard surface, which extend to both handlebodies is finite. As a corollary, this implies that under the same hypothesis, the mapping class group of $M$ is finite.

Review text

For a compact, connected and orientable surface \(S\), the curve complex \(\mathcal{C}(S)\) is defined to be the simplicial complex whose vertices are the homotopy classes, called curves, of all non-trivial, non-peripheral simple closed loops and where every collection of \(k+1\) disjoint and distinct simple curves spans a \(k\)-simplex, for each \(k\). This complex is then equipped with the path-metric on its \(1\)-skeleton assigning length \(1\) to each edge. The Heegaard distance for a Heegaard splitting \(M = H^+ \bigcup_S H^-\) is defined by Hempel to be the nearest point distance between the two subcomplexes of \(\mathcal{C}(S)\) corresponding to the set of meridians for each handlebody. In the paper under review, the author shows that for a closed 3-manifold \(M\) with a Heegaard splitting of sufficiently large Heegaard distance, the subgroup \(\Gamma(H^+, H^-)\) of the mapping class group \(\mathcal{MCG}(S)\) whose elements extend to both handlebodies is finite. As a direct corollary, he shows that under the same hypothesis, the mapping class group \(\mathcal{MCG}(M)\) is finite. Recall that it is conjectured, by Hempel, that if the Heegaard distance of a splitting is larger than \(2\) then the given manifold is hyperbolic. The above corollary is evidence supporting this conjecture, when one also considers the work of \textit{D. Gabai, G. R. Meyerhoff} and \textit{N. Thurston} [Ann. Math. (2) 157, 335--431 (2003; Zbl 1052.57019)] showing that the mapping class group of a hyperbolic 3-manifold is finite. The key claim for the main theorem states that if \(M = H^+ \cup_S H^-\) has sufficiently large Heegaard distance, then all elements of \(\Gamma(H^+, H^-)\) are periodic. To rule out the possibility that it includes pseudo-Anosov maps or aperiodic reducible maps, the author uses results of \textit{H. A. Masur} and \textit{Y. N. Minsky} [Invent. Math. 138, 103--149 (1999; Zbl 0941.32012), Geom. Funct. Anal. 10, 902--974 (2000; Zbl 0972.32011), Contemp. Math. 355, 309--320 (2004; Zbl 1076.57016)] on the coarse geometry of \(\mathcal{C}(S)\). The main result then follows from a theorem of Serre regarding the mapping class group.

Recommendations

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• Finiteness of mapping class groups: locally large strongly irreducible Heegaard splittings
• Goeritz groups of bridge decompositions
• The topology of 3-manifolds, Heegaard distance and the mapping class group of a 2-manifold
• Heegaard splittings and pseudo-Anosov maps
• 3-manifolds as viewed from the curve complex
• Genus one 1-bridge knots as viewed from the curve complex
• Genus Two Heegaard Splittings
• Heegaard structures of negatively curved 3-manifolds
• High distance Heegaard splittings of 3-manifolds

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Cited in

(16)

• Reducible mapping class of the canonical Heegaard splitting in a mapping torus
• Distance and the Goeritz groups of bridge decompositions
• Some results on Heegaard splitting
• Twisted book decompositions and the Goeritz groups
• The Heegaard distances cover all nonnegative integers
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• Mapping class groups of medium distance Heegaard splittings
• The topology of 3-manifolds, Heegaard distance and the mapping class group of a 2-manifold
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