Breaking multivariate records

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Abstract: For a sequence of i.i.d. d-dimensional random vectors with independent continuously distributed coordinates, say that the nth observation in the sequence sets a record if it is not dominated in every coordinate by an earlier observation; for jleqn, say that the jth observation is a current record at time n if it has not been dominated in every coordinate by any of the first n observations; and say that the nth observation breaks k records if it sets a record and there are k observations that are current records at time n−1 but not at time n. For general dimension d, we identify, with proof, the asymptotic conditional distribution of the number of (Pareto) records broken by an observation given that the observation sets a record. Fix d, and let mathcalK(d) be a random variable with this distribution. We show that the (right) tail of mathcalK(d) satisfies [ {mathbb P}({mathcal K}(d) geq k) leq expleft[ - Omega!left( k^{(d - 1) / (d^2 + d - 3)} ight) ight] mbox{as koinfty} ] and [ {mathbb P}({mathcal K}(d) geq k) geq expleft[ - O!left( k^{1 / (d - 1)} ight) ight] mbox{as koinfty}. ] When d=2, the description of mathcalK(2) in terms of a Poisson process agrees with the main result from Fill [Comb. Probab. Comput. 30 (2021) 105--123] that mathcalK(2) has the same distribution as mathcalG−1, where (1/2). Note that the lower bound on mathbbP(mathcalK(d)geqk) implies that the distribution of mathcalK(d) is NOT (shifted) Geometric for any dgeq3. We show that mathbbP(mathcalK(d)geq1)=exp[−Theta(d)] as doinfty; in particular, mathcalK(d)o0 in probability as doinfty.












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